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981.
A model for the interaction of near-infrared laser pulses with metal powders in selective laser sintering 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
P. Fischer N. Karapatis V. Romano R. Glardon H.P. Weber 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2002,74(4):467-474
A thermal model of the interaction of pulsed near-infrared laser radiation from a Nd:YAG laser was made, taking the measured
powder properties such as reflectance, optical penetration depth and thermal conductivity into account. It allows an estimation
of the evolution of two different temperatures: the average temperature of the powder (taken over the grains in a volume given
by the laser beam diameter and the optical penetration depth) and the temperature distinction within a single grain. It showed
that in pulsed mode consolidation can be achieved at much lower average power as the surface of the powder particles are molten
but their cores remain at nearly room temperature. This leads to a much lower average temperature and therefore a dramatic
decrease in residual thermal stresses in the finished piece. The results of the model were experimentally tested and confirmed.
Received: 26 July 2001 / Accepted: 23 November 2001 / Published online: 23 January 2002 相似文献
982.
Effect of anions on the phase stability of γ-FeOOH nanoparticles and the magnetic properties of gamma-ferric oxide derived from lepidocrocite 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. Sudakar 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2003,64(12):2337-2349
The effect of anions such as Cl−, SO42−, and HPO42− on the phase stability of FeOOH (α or γ) during precipitation is investigated. Oxidation of Fe(OH)2·xH2O from FeCl2 solution with high Cl− concentration ([Cl−]/[Fe]=RCl≥8) or (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 (FAS) with [HPO42−]/[Fe]=RP≥0.02 yields phase-pure γ-FeOOH. In the medium ranges of RCl and RP, mixed phases of α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH are obtained. Replacement of OH− by Cl− with the bridging cations or strongly bonded HPO42− ions in the matrix of the intermediate phase (Fex2+Fey3+(OH)2x+2y−nz·xH2O(A)zn−, where A is anions such as Cl−, SO42−, HPO42−, etc.), promoted the lower density γ-FeOOH. However, the particles are less developed and have poor crystallinity as evidenced from transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis of the precipitates. Whereas, monophasic, uniformly sized, nano-lath shaped particles with high aspect ratio >10 are obtained when morphology-controlling cation additives such as Pt4+, Pd2+ or Rh3+ are present in FeCl2 (RCl≥8) solution. Preferential adsorption of additives on (0k0) and (h00) planes limits the growth in the perpendicular directions leading to high aspect ratios. The effect of these additives are suppressed by the phosphate ion, a strong complexing ligand, giving rise to fibrous aggregate with the length of individual particles as small as 10-30 nm. While most of the Cl− ion is removed from the final precipitates on washing, phosphate remained as HPO42− as evidenced from IR absorption spectra. Maghemite obtained by dehydroxylating γ-FeOOH contains randomly distributed micropores bringing in the relaxation effects of spins on the surface atoms as deciphered from Mössbauer spectroscopy. This leads to the low σs (44-48 emu/g) and Hc (120-130 Oe) for γ-Fe2O3−δ particles. Whereas nearly pore-free single crystalline particles obtained by reduction followed by reoxidation has high value of σs (73 emu/g) and Hc (320 Oe), which decreases to 30 emu/g and 75 Oe, respectively, for nanoparticles obtained from phosphate stabilized lepidocrocite. The mobility of iron ions and counter mobility of vacancies during the topotactic transformation of γ-FeOOH to magnetite to γ-Fe2O3−δ renders the particles pore-free. 相似文献
983.
M. Benchohra 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2003,286(1):307-325
In this paper, we shall establish sufficient conditions for the existence of integral solutions for some nondensely defined evolution impulsive differential inclusions in Banach spaces with nonlocal conditions. 相似文献
984.
利用集合在某点的相依切锥、法向锥和可行方向锥等研究向量优化问题的有效点、 弱有效点和真有效点的特征,对局部有效点、局部弱有效点和局部真有效点与集合的各 锥之间的关系作了刻画. 相似文献
985.
V. Tokranov S. L. Rumyantsev M. S. Shur R. Gaska S. Oktyabrsky R. Jain N. Pala 《固体物理学:研究快报》2007,1(5):199-201
We show that HfO2/AlGaN/GaN structures with HfO2 layer deposited using an e‐beam in ultra high vacuum are suitable for field effect transistors. The dielectric constant of the HfO2 was found εHfO > 23–24, which is close to the highest re‐ ported values for this material. The leakage current did not exceed 10–4 A/cm2 at the threshold voltage. The comparison of the losses in the samples with and without HfO2 indicates low concentration of the interface traps. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
986.
François Loiseau Jean-Mary Simone David Carcache Pavel Bobal Reinhard Neier 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2007,138(2):121-129
Summary. Free radical couplings from furan, as cheap starting material, were studied in view of developing a rapid strategy en route to the synthesis of derivatives of nonactin. The chain containing the alcohol function was introduced in one or two steps
in 86% yield. For the introduction of the second chain with the ester function two different coupling methods were tested.
Starting from the advanced intermediates obtained nonactin derivatives can be prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the furan
ring. 相似文献
987.
1引言对于非光滑方程组F(y)=0(1.1)的求解,这里F:D(?)R~n→R~n是一个非光滑映射,目前主要有两种求解方法.一种方法是由Pang提出的. 相似文献
988.
T. Roubíček 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》2007,132(1):41-50
Existence of a Nash equilibrium in a noncooperative game governed by the one-dimensional Burgers equation, proposed in the
case of pointwise controls in Ref. 1, is proved under data qualifications that guarantee the diffusion term in the Burgers’
equation to be dominant enough with respect to the uniform convexity of the payoffs.
This work was partly supported by Grants 201/03/0934 (GA čR) and MSM 0021620839 (MšMT čR). Inspiring discussions with Angel
M. Ramos are acknowledged. 相似文献
989.
B. Ivorra A. M. Ramos B. Mohammadi 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》2007,135(3):549-561
This paper has two objectives. We introduce a new global optimization algorithm reformulating optimization problems in terms
of boundary-value problems. Then, we apply this algorithm to a pointwise control problem of the viscous Burgers equation,
where the control weight coefficient is progressively decreased. The results are compared with those obtained with a genetic
algorithm and an LM-BFGS algorithm in order to check the efficiency of our method and the necessity of using global optimization
techniques. 相似文献
990.
Lokenath Debnath 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2007,333(1):164-190
This paper deals with recent developments of linear and nonlinear Rossby waves in an ocean. Included are also linear Poincaré, Rossby, and Kelvin waves in an ocean. The dispersion diagrams for Poincaré, Kelvin and Rossby waves are presented. Special attention is given to the nonlinear Rossby waves on a β-plane ocean. Based on the perturbation analysis, it is shown that the nonlinear evolution equation for the wave amplitude satisfies a modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The solution of this equation represents solitary waves in a dispersive medium. In other words, the envelope of the amplitude of the waves has a soliton structure and these envelope solitons propagate with the group velocity of the Rossby waves. Finally, a nonlinear analytical model is presented for long Rossby waves in a meridional channel with weak shear. A new nonlinear wave equation for the amplitude of large Rossby waves is derived in a region where fluid flows over the recirculation core. It is shown that the governing amplitude equations for the inner and outer zones are both KdV type, where weak nonlinearity is balanced by weak dispersion. In the inner zone, the nonlinear amplitude equation has a new term proportional to the 3/2 power of the difference between the wave amplitude and the critical amplitude, and this term occurs to account for a nonlinearity due to the flow over the vortex core. The solution of the amplitude equations with the linear shear flow represents the solitary waves. The present study deals with the lowest mode (n=1) analysis. An extension of the higher modes (n?2) of this work will be made in a subsequent paper. 相似文献